论证70余年，黄河上的“超级工程”要来了？

Core Viewpoint - The Huanghe Heishanxia Water Conservancy Hub project has seen new progress after over 70 years of debate, with the Ningxia Zhongwei Natural Resources Bureau recently releasing a land pre-examination and site selection opinion for the project, indicating a step closer to construction [2][9]. Group 1: Project Overview - The project is located at the Heishanxia section of the Yellow River, which is considered the last suitable area for constructing a high dam and large reservoir in the upper reaches of the river [2][10]. - The total investment for the project has increased significantly, from 358 billion yuan in 2021 to 915 billion yuan projected for 2024 [9]. - The project aims to address long-standing issues in the Yellow River basin, including flood control, drought prevention, and sediment deposition [2][10]. Group 2: Development Controversies - There have been multiple proposals for the development of the Heishanxia section, including first-level, second-level, and fourth-level development plans, each with different focuses on irrigation, flood control, and power generation [5][6]. - The first-level development plan prioritizes flood control and irrigation, while the fourth-level plan emphasizes power generation but risks reducing reservoir capacity [7][8]. - The ongoing debate has been influenced by the potential displacement of populations and the loss of agricultural land, with the fourth-level plan being favored by Gansu to minimize these impacts [8][9]. Group 3: Importance of the Project - The Heishanxia Water Conservancy Hub is crucial for improving flood control standards in the Ningmeng River section, potentially increasing the flood control standard from a 20-year to a 100-year frequency [12][13]. - The project is also a key node in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, which aims to supply water to the arid regions of Gansu and improve water resource allocation [13][14]. - It is expected to create 20 million acres of arable land and resolve water shortages for over 5 million people in the Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, and Inner Mongolia regions [14]. Group 4: Challenges to Implementation - The project faces significant challenges, including the need for environmental impact assessments, land use approvals, and feasibility studies before construction can begin [16]. - The relocation of thousands of residents affected by the project is a critical issue, with estimates indicating that up to 73,000 people may be impacted [18]. - There is a need for a comprehensive and respectful approach to the resettlement of affected populations, ensuring their interests are prioritized [18].