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Group 1 - The central theme of the 2025 European Central Bank Forum is "Adapting to Change: Macroeconomic Transformation and Policy Responses," focusing on the impact of U.S. trade conflicts on the global economy [1] - ECB President Lagarde emphasized that uncertainty will continue to be a key characteristic of the global economy, potentially leading to increased inflation volatility [3] - A report from the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) indicated that U.S. tariffs have pushed economic uncertainty to "crisis-levels," with risks to consumer prices, public finances, and the financial system [3] Group 2 - Despite similar geopolitical and trade challenges, central bank leaders have differing policy stances, with the ECB considering multiple rate cuts while the Fed maintains its current rate range [4] - The eurozone's inflation rate slightly increased to 2% in June, aligning with the ECB's inflation target, indicating the completion of the previous monetary policy intervention cycle [5] - Lagarde is positioned to strengthen the euro's status amid the dollar's decline, aiming to establish the euro as a stable currency during uncertain times [5] Group 3 - During a panel discussion, Fed Chair Powell noted that U.S. inflation is performing as expected, but tariff impacts may appear in future data, suggesting a cautious approach to monetary policy [6] - Lagarde stated that the ECB is prepared to respond to complex economic situations but refrained from committing to future interest rate directions [6] - The Bank of England's Bailey highlighted the negative impact of fragmentation on global economic activity, advocating for a return to multilateral order [6]