研究发现运动抗衰老的关键因子

Core Insights - The research reveals the different responses of the human body to single and long-term exercise, identifying a key "exercise-mimicking molecule" called betaine [1][2] - The study establishes that exercise can delay aging by regulating rhythm factors, promoting vascular regeneration, and suppressing systemic inflammation [1] - A significant breakthrough is the identification of the kidneys as a core organ responding to the health benefits of exercise, with long-term exercise significantly increasing betaine levels in the kidneys [2] Group 1 - The research team conducted a study involving 13 healthy male volunteers and cross-species research between mice and humans to detail the body's response to exercise [1] - Single intense exercise is characterized as a "survival stress test," leading to metabolic storms and oxidative damage, while long-term regular exercise rebalances multiple body systems [1] - Long-term exercise improves metabolism, rejuvenates the immune system, reduces inflammation, enhances antioxidant capacity, and optimizes gut microbiota [1] Group 2 - Betaine, derived from choline in the kidneys, is synthesized through a key enzyme activated post-exercise, which is crucial for its health benefits [2] - In cellular studies, betaine treatment significantly improves the aging state of various human aging cells, while in animal studies, it extends the healthy lifespan of elderly mice and improves various health metrics [2] - Betaine acts on a natural immune kinase called TBK1, inhibiting its activity and blocking pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, thereby reducing inflammation levels in tissues [2]