全球博士生过剩，业界呼吁培养“产业博士”

Group 1 - The article highlights the need to reassess the direction and programs of PhD training to better prepare graduates for the rapidly changing job market, suggesting alternatives like "industry PhDs" [1][3] - The number of PhD graduates globally has steadily increased over the past few decades, with a significant surge in countries like China and India, where the number of PhD students doubled from approximately 300,000 in 2013 to over 600,000 in 2023 [1][2] - There is a mismatch between the growing number of PhD holders and the availability of academic positions, leading to a trend where many PhD graduates are seeking non-academic jobs [3][4] Group 2 - The article discusses the importance of aligning PhD training with industry needs, advocating for increased collaboration between universities and businesses to address real-world technical challenges [4][5] - Countries like Japan, Germany, and the UK have begun reforms to integrate industry experience into PhD programs, such as paid internships and collaborative research projects [4] - The call for a multi-stakeholder collaborative innovation model emphasizes the need for educational institutions and businesses to work together to foster skills that are valued in the job market, such as innovative thinking and analytical skills [5]