科普｜多地高温出现重症病例，这些因素会加剧“热射病”

Core Insights - Heat stroke is characterized by a core body temperature exceeding 40°C, accompanied by central nervous system dysfunction, which can lead to multi-organ failure and has a mortality rate of 20%-50% [1][3] Group 1: Definition and Severity - Heat stroke is the most severe condition related to high temperatures and is classified as severe heat exhaustion [3] - The progression of heat-related illnesses typically starts with pre-symptomatic heat illness, mild heat illness, heat exhaustion, and can ultimately lead to heat stroke [3] Group 2: Types of Heat Stroke - Heat stroke can be categorized into "classic heat stroke" (CHS) and "exertional heat stroke" (EHS) based on the cause and susceptible populations [3] - CHS is primarily caused by passive exposure to hot environments and is more common among individuals with impaired thermoregulation, such as the elderly, children, pregnant women, and those with underlying health conditions [3] - EHS is mainly due to high-intensity physical activity and is often seen in healthy young individuals engaged in strenuous summer activities, such as military training, firefighting, and construction work [3] Group 3: Risk Factors - Environmental factors contributing to heat stroke include intense solar radiation, prolonged high temperatures, sudden temperature increases of 5-10°C, and poor ventilation [4] - Individual risk factors include pre-existing medical conditions, mismatched physical fitness and training intensity, inadequate hydration, and poor sleep quality [4] - Certain medications that affect thermoregulation, such as anticholinergics, antihistamines, antipsychotics, beta-blockers, and diuretics, can also increase the risk of heat stroke [4] Group 4: Emergency Response - Immediate symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, confusion, and seizures should prompt urgent cooling measures, which are critical for survival [4] - Recommended emergency actions include removing individuals from high-temperature environments, removing clothing, and applying cold water while fanning to promote heat dissipation [4]