新研究：鱼类悬停在水中其实很“费劲”

Core Findings - A new study reveals that fish consume significantly more energy while hovering in water than previously thought, challenging the notion that this state is akin to resting [1][2] - The research indicates that fish use nearly twice the energy when hovering compared to when they are at rest on the bottom, due to the need to constantly move their fins to maintain stability [1] Energy Consumption and Stability - The study involved experiments on 13 species of fish with swim bladders, measuring their oxygen consumption during active hovering and resting [1] - The findings show that the distance between a fish's center of mass and its buoyancy center affects its stability, with greater distances leading to higher energy consumption during hovering [1] Morphology and Efficiency - Fish body shape and pectoral fin position also influence hovering efficiency, with elongated fish being less efficient compared to those with more compact shapes [2] - Fish with pectoral fins positioned further back tend to consume less energy while hovering, likely due to better leverage effects [2] Implications for Underwater Robotics - These insights can inform the design of underwater robots, suggesting that a more "unstable" configuration may enhance maneuverability in confined spaces, contrary to traditional designs that prioritize stability [2]