经观季度调查 |2025年二季度经济学人问卷调查： 兼顾“稳增长”与“防风险” 地方财税和汇率稳定是关键

Economic Growth and Stability - The core focus is on balancing "stabilizing growth" and "preventing risks" in the Chinese economy amid external demand shocks and real estate market adjustments [1][3][18] - 73% of economists predict that the GDP growth rate for Q2 2025 will be between 5.0% and 5.2%, while 60% believe the annual growth rate can reach 5.0% to 5.3% [1][3][4] Debt Concerns - Local government debt is identified as the most pressing issue, with 44% of respondents highlighting it, followed by private enterprises (28%) and household debt (19%) [1][5][18] - The need for a long-term mechanism to prevent risks in key areas such as real estate and finance is emphasized [17][18] Real Estate Market - The real estate market is showing signs of stabilization, with various strategies proposed to reinforce policy effects, including improving economic expectations (28%) and increasing household income (25%) [1][7][18] - The People's Bank of China has lowered policy rates to support the housing market, indicating ongoing efforts to stabilize real estate [7][9] Currency Stability - 90% of economists believe the USD to RMB exchange rate will fluctuate between 7.1 and 7.5, with a focus on maintaining stability to support cross-border capital flow and exports [9][10] - The potential for RMB appreciation exists if the Federal Reserve's interest rate cuts exceed expectations, which could impact exports negatively [9][10] Fiscal and Monetary Policy - Fiscal policy has played a significant role in stabilizing growth, with measures such as accelerated special bond issuance and targeted spending in key areas [14][15][18] - Monetary policy is shifting towards "moderate easing," with expectations for continued support through rate cuts and structural tools to enhance financial support for SMEs and green projects [15][16][18] Consumer Behavior and Investment Focus - Income is the primary factor influencing consumer spending, accounting for 75%, while investment is concentrated in large infrastructure (40%) and technology (37%) [5][18] - The need for direct stimulus to enhance consumer confidence is highlighted, alongside the importance of addressing structural issues in the economy [16][17][18]