明明：财政、金融政策发力助上半年中国经济温和回升

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese economy showed a moderate recovery in the first half of 2025, achieving a growth rate of 5.3%, supported by proactive fiscal and monetary policies [1][3]. Fiscal Policy - The fiscal policy has become more aggressive, with the issuance of special government bonds increasing from 1 trillion yuan to 1.3 trillion yuan, and the support for the trade-in program doubling from 150 billion yuan to 300 billion yuan [3]. - New special bonds amounting to 4.4 trillion yuan are expected to focus primarily on real estate acquisition [3]. - The government has maintained a high utilization rate of public fiscal deficits in the first quarter, indicating a continued expansion of fiscal spending [3]. Monetary Policy - Short-term interest rates have been lowered, with market interest rates declining more than benchmark rates since the second half of the first quarter [3]. - A series of financial support policies, including reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate reductions, have been implemented since May 7, which are expected to boost credit expansion and demand [3]. Consumption Sector - The consumption sector has seen a rebound in retail sales growth, driven by the trade-in policy, particularly in automobiles, home appliances, and digital products [4]. Manufacturing Sector - The industrial added value for large-scale enterprises grew by 6.4% year-on-year, with equipment manufacturing and high-tech manufacturing increasing by 10.2% and 9.5%, respectively [5]. - Manufacturing investment is projected to grow by approximately 8.4% in 2025, supported by policies aimed at enhancing new productive forces and equipment upgrades [5]. Future Outlook - The government is expected to implement expansionary policies in the second half of the year to support growth, particularly in weak areas such as real estate, services, and consumption [5]. - There is strong confidence in achieving a GDP growth rate of over 5% for the year, given the positive results from the first half [6].