特稿丨气候变化加剧极端高温 多国生产生活受影响

Core Viewpoint - Climate change is intensifying extreme heat events globally, impacting human health and societal functions, necessitating accelerated adaptation efforts [1][4][6]. Group 1: Global Heat Events - Many countries are experiencing extreme heat, with cities in Croatia reaching temperatures around 37 degrees Celsius, and some exceeding 40 degrees Celsius [2]. - Japan recorded its highest average temperature for June since records began in 1898, with significant heat expected across the country [2]. - South Korea reported an 83.2% year-on-year increase in heat-related medical cases from May 20 to July 6, 2023 [2]. - Slovenia experienced its hottest and driest June on record, with precipitation at only 24% of the average from 1991 to 2020, severely affecting agriculture [2][5]. Group 2: Causes of Extreme Heat - Multiple factors contribute to the recent heat waves, including strong high-pressure systems, prolonged sunshine, and elevated Mediterranean sea temperatures [4]. - Climate change plays a critical role in increasing the frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme heat events [4][5]. - The transition from El Niño to La Niña may also influence weather patterns, contributing to hotter summers in Europe [4]. Group 3: Health and Economic Impacts - Prolonged high temperatures can lead to dehydration, heatstroke, and exacerbate chronic diseases, posing significant health risks [6]. - Governments are issuing warnings and guidelines to protect public health, with measures including real-time heat alerts and adjustments to work schedules [6]. - The heat wave has led to rising prices for agricultural products in South Korea, prompting government intervention to stabilize prices [6]. Group 4: Adaptation Measures - Experts emphasize the need for comprehensive strategies to manage the impacts of rising temperatures, including water resource management and urban greening [7]. - Slovenia is implementing long-term climate adaptation measures across various sectors, including policy planning and infrastructure improvements [7].