日本人犯了一个致命错误：当救命稻草的氢能，中国已经碾压式超越

Core Viewpoint - Japan, which started developing hydrogen energy technology 50 years ago, is being surpassed by China in the hydrogen industry, particularly in patent competitiveness and production efficiency [1][3]. Group 1: Patent and Technological Development - The hydrogen industry can be divided into five areas: manufacturing, storage, transportation, supply, and safety management. China has surpassed Japan in four of these areas since 2020, with its annual patent application volume being twice that of Japan [3][5]. - China's strategic goal of achieving carbon peak by 2030 has provided clear direction for the hydrogen industry, contributing to its rapid development [3][5]. Group 2: Production Efficiency and Cost - China's manufacturing equipment for hydrogen production has become increasingly large-scale, leading to improved efficiency and reduced costs. The cost of hydrogen production equipment in China is only one-fourth of that in European countries [5][7]. - China currently holds 60% of the global electrolyzer manufacturing capacity, with green hydrogen production expected to reach 100,000 to 200,000 tons this year, exceeding previous targets [7][19]. Group 3: Market Dynamics - Japan's hydrogen market is limited, with only a few companies like Toshiba and Asahi involved, leading to a lack of competition and stagnation in the industry [9][11]. - In contrast, China's hydrogen market is characterized by intense competition, which has driven continuous development since the announcement of its hydrogen energy development plan [12][14]. Group 4: Demand and Application - China's hydrogen demand is expected to reach 40 million tons by 2030 and 130 million tons by mid-century, with industrial applications surpassing that of fuel cell vehicles [17][19]. - The introduction of hydrogen in industries like steelmaking is increasing demand, as companies like Baowu Steel Group adopt hydrogen to replace traditional energy sources [16][19]. Group 5: Comparison of Hydrogen Vehicle Development - Japan's ambitious target of 200,000 hydrogen fuel cell vehicles by 2023 has not been met, with only 8,283 vehicles sold by mid-2023, highlighting significant shortfalls in their planning [21][25]. - In contrast, China's hydrogen fuel cell vehicle ownership reached 13,700 by the end of 2022, with a focus on commercial vehicles, particularly heavy-duty trucks [26][28]. Group 6: Infrastructure Development - Japan's strategy of building hydrogen refueling stations has been flawed, with only about 200 stations constructed against a target of 900 by 2030, leading to consumer reluctance to purchase hydrogen vehicles [35][37]. - China is strategically developing hydrogen stations based on vehicle types, particularly for commercial vehicles, which allows for more efficient investment and infrastructure growth [30][32].