进出口波动之中保持高位，关税战下中国外贸如何应变｜“十四五”规划收官

Core Insights - The global reliance on China has increased despite a complex international environment, indicating a trend of deeper integration rather than decoupling [1][2] - China's manufacturing value added accounts for over 30% of the global total, maintaining the largest scale for 15 consecutive years, with projections suggesting it could reach 45% by 2030 [1] - The growth of foreign trade is fundamentally linked to a country's productivity, with China's increasing share in global trade reflecting a consensus on its role in global division of labor [1] Trade Performance - In 2021, China's total goods trade reached 39.1 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 21.4%, with exports and imports growing by 21.2% and 21.5% respectively [3] - By 2022, the total goods trade value surpassed 40 trillion yuan, reaching 42.07 trillion yuan, a 7.7% increase year-on-year [3] - In 2023, the trade value was 41.76 trillion yuan, showing a modest growth of 0.2%, while projections for 2024 indicate a rise to 43.85 trillion yuan, a 5% increase [3] Product Structure and Innovation - The export of mechanical and electrical products has strengthened, with 2021 exports reaching 12.83 trillion yuan, accounting for 59% of total exports [7] - High-tech product exports grew by 9.2% in 2025, with significant increases in high-end machinery and instruments [7] - The shift from OEM to ODM and customized products reflects an upgrade in China's export product structure, enhancing design and brand capabilities [6][7] Trade Partners and Market Diversification - China has seen a decline in trade with the U.S. while increasing trade with non-U.S. regions, with ASEAN remaining the largest trading partner [11] - The trade with "Belt and Road" countries has outpaced overall growth, accounting for 51.8% of total trade in the first half of the year [11] - The diversification of international markets has made China's trade more resilient amid uncertainties [11] E-commerce and Digital Trade - Cross-border e-commerce imports and exports reached approximately 1.32 trillion yuan in the first half of the year, growing by 5.7% [9] - The share of cross-border e-commerce in total foreign trade has increased from less than 1% in 2015 to 6.2% in 2024, indicating a significant trend towards digital trade [9][10] Future Outlook - Despite challenges from geopolitical tensions and a slowing global economy, China's complete and high-density industrial chain is expected to maintain its competitive edge for at least the next decade [12] - The focus on enhancing product quality and value-added services is crucial for sustaining international competitiveness [13] - The transition from a production-based economy to a consumption-driven one will require addressing internal challenges and finding new growth points [13]