【环时深度】恢复种姓普查，印度要揭“最隐秘伤疤”？

Core Viewpoint - India will conduct its first caste census in nearly a century as part of the upcoming national population census, aiming to understand the distribution and socio-economic conditions of various castes, despite concerns that it may exacerbate social divisions [1][2][6]. Group 1: Caste Census Announcement - The Indian government announced that the new round of the national population and caste census will be completed by March 2027, with certain regions starting as early as October 2026 [2][6]. - The last successful caste census was conducted in 1931 during British rule, and the current census aims to gather data on caste distribution and the socio-economic status of different groups [1][4]. Group 2: Political Implications - Prime Minister Modi's shift in stance on the caste census reflects a significant political maneuver, as he previously opposed such measures, citing concerns over social unity [2][7]. - The caste census has become a focal point in political debates, with parties like the Indian National Congress advocating for it to empower marginalized groups, while critics argue it may lead to increased social fragmentation [2][8]. Group 3: Historical Context of Caste System - The caste system in India has origins dating back over 3,000 years, with a rigid hierarchy that has historically dictated social and occupational roles [4][5]. - Despite the abolition of the caste system post-independence, societal divisions persist, with over two-thirds of India's population reportedly belonging to lower caste categories [5][6]. Group 4: Challenges and Concerns - The complexity of collecting and categorizing caste data is significant, with over 4,000 sub-castes and fluid identity definitions complicating the process [9][10]. - Previous attempts to address caste disparities have led to social unrest, raising concerns that the current census could trigger similar conflicts as groups vie for reserved rights and benefits [10][11].