把好驾驶自动化的伦理“方向盘”

Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Science and Technology has released the "Ethical Guidelines for the Research and Development of Driving Automation Technology" to establish ethical norms for various types of driving automation systems, aiming to guide the development and application of these technologies while mitigating ethical risks and ensuring alignment with public interests [1][2]. Summary by Relevant Sections Ethical Principles - The guidelines emphasize four fundamental principles: human-centered approach, prioritization of safety and respect for life, fairness and avoidance of bias, and ensuring informed consent and transparency [2][3]. - Additionally, five general requirements are outlined: legal compliance, enhancement of benefits, risk control, timely adjustments, and privacy protection [2]. Risk Prevention - The guidelines stress the importance of respecting and protecting life safety, particularly in unavoidable traffic accidents and extreme driving conditions, aiming to minimize harm to individuals [3]. - There is a focus on preventing risks related to data privacy, algorithmic discrimination, and the interpretability of algorithms [3]. Classification of Driving Automation Systems - Driving automation is categorized into three types: advanced driver assistance (Level 2 and below), limited automation (Levels 3 and 4), and full automation (Level 5) [4]. - Responsibility for each type varies, with human drivers typically responsible for Level 2 and below, while for Levels 3 and 4, responsibility may lie with users or the automated system depending on the scenario. For Level 5, the automated system is generally the primary responsible party [4]. Accountability and Transparency - The guidelines clarify that when the automated driving system is the responsible party, it must be able to clearly assign accountability to relevant stakeholders, including developers, manufacturers, and users [4]. - In the section on public awareness, it is emphasized that stakeholders should provide accurate and objective information about the capabilities and risks of driving automation systems, avoiding exaggeration or misinformation [4][6]. Public Understanding and Trust - The guidelines address the knowledge gap among the public regarding driving automation technology, which can lead to misconceptions and misuse [5]. - To foster healthy development and build societal trust, ethical norms for public education and communication are included, with plans for future revisions based on technological advancements and societal feedback [6].