关税谈判进展寥寥：美国要面子，谁来撑场子？

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. government is hastening trade negotiations with multiple countries as the August 1 deadline for new tariffs approaches, but substantial agreements remain elusive [1][11]. Trade Agreements - President Trump announced trade agreements with the Philippines, Japan, and Indonesia, but these agreements lack critical details and have not been formally signed [2][6][8]. - The U.S. and Japan reached what Trump described as the largest trade agreement in history, reducing the reciprocal tariff rate from 25% to 15%, with Japan committing to invest $550 billion and open its agricultural market [3][4]. - The agreement with the Philippines involves the U.S. imposing a 19% tariff on imports from the Philippines while the Philippines opens its market to U.S. goods with zero tariffs [6]. - Indonesia's agreement reportedly includes a 19% tariff on all Indonesian imports to the U.S., but confirmation from Indonesian leadership on the specifics is lacking [8]. - Vietnam is still negotiating to further reduce tariff rates, indicating that agreements are not yet finalized [9]. Impact on Other Countries - The U.S. has pressured Vietnam and Indonesia to reach agreements, but the details remain vague and unsatisfactory to some parties [7][10]. - The U.K. was the first country to reach a trade agreement with the U.S. since the trade war began, but the agreement has been criticized for lacking substance [10]. European Union Response - The EU is considering countermeasures against the U.S. if trade negotiations fail, with potential tariffs on $720 billion worth of U.S. imports [12]. - Germany emphasizes the need for a fair and reliable agreement with the U.S. to avoid significant losses [13]. Economic Effects - The U.S. is experiencing rising consumer prices due to tariffs, with an effective tariff rate of 20.6%, the highest since 1910, leading to projected losses of $2,800 per household by 2025 [16]. - The inflationary impact of tariffs is becoming evident, with rising prices in consumer goods, particularly in furniture and clothing [16].