金十整理：泰柬冲突局势一览——边境地雷引爆东南亚火药桶！泰柬两国已滑向战争边缘？

Core Viewpoint - The escalating conflict between Thailand and Cambodia is rooted in historical territorial disputes, particularly concerning the Preah Vihear Temple, which has led to military confrontations and diplomatic tensions between the two nations [1][2]. Summary by Sections Dispute Origins - The conflict traces back to a 1904 treaty between French colonizers and Siam (Thailand), which ambiguously defined the ownership of Preah Vihear Temple, leaving lingering sovereignty disputes [1]. - In 1962, the International Court ruled that the temple belongs to Cambodia, but Thailand has maintained control over surrounding areas [1]. - The situation intensified in 2008 when Cambodia successfully listed the temple as a UNESCO World Heritage site, provoking nationalist sentiments in Thailand and leading to multiple skirmishes [1]. - In June of this year, Cambodia filed another lawsuit in international court, claiming sovereignty over three temples and the "Emerald Triangle," further escalating tensions [1]. Conflict Situation - The immediate trigger for the recent conflict occurred on July 16, when three Thai soldiers were injured by landmines in a disputed area, with one soldier losing a limb [2]. - The Thai military reported discovering over 100 new Russian-made PMN-2 landmines, accusing Cambodia of violating the Ottawa Treaty on landmines [2]. - On July 23, Thailand's acting Prime Minister announced a downgrade in diplomatic relations with Cambodia, recalling the Thai ambassador and expelling the Cambodian ambassador in response to the landmine incident [1]. Conflict Dynamics - On a recent Thursday, clashes occurred between Thai and Cambodian forces along the border, leading Thailand to close schools and border crossings in the disputed area and deploy F-16 fighter jets to destroy two Cambodian military facilities [2]. - Cambodia's former Prime Minister claimed that two Cambodian provinces were shelled by Thai forces, with the Cambodian Defense Ministry reporting that Thai aircraft dropped bombs on a road [2]. Statements from Stakeholders - Thailand's Foreign Ministry warned of increased self-defense measures if Cambodia continues armed attacks, with the Thai Health Minister labeling Cambodia's actions as potential war crimes [3]. - Cambodia's Prime Minister emphasized a commitment to peaceful resolution but stated that military response was necessary in the face of provocation, and he has reached out to the UN Security Council for intervention [3]. - China's Foreign Ministry expressed concern over the situation, urging both countries to resolve the issue through dialogue [3]. - The Malaysian Prime Minister also expressed concern and hopes for a conversation with both leaders to encourage negotiations [3]. Importance of Preah Vihear Temple - Preah Vihear Temple holds significant importance for both Thailand and Cambodia, serving as a sacred site, a symbol of sovereignty, and a strategic geopolitical location [3].