破题长护险：以制度完善筑牢民生保障底线

Core Insights - The Chinese government is focusing on the development of long-term care insurance (LTCI) as part of its response to the aging population and the increasing demand for long-term care services [1][5] - The LTCI system is being piloted in 49 cities across China, with significant variations in coverage and implementation among different regions [2][3] Group 1: LTCI Coverage and Implementation - By the end of 2024, the LTCI system will cover 49 cities, with cities like Ningbo and Chengdu achieving full coverage for all residents [2] - The LTCI is designed to provide economic support for individuals who are unable to care for themselves due to aging, illness, or disability, marking it as the "sixth insurance" in China's social security system [1][5] Group 2: Challenges in LTCI System - The LTCI system faces challenges such as fragmented design, lack of unified standards, and significant differences in coverage and funding mechanisms across pilot cities [3][4] - Funding for LTCI primarily comes from medical insurance funds, which are under increasing pressure, raising concerns about the sustainability of LTCI financing [3][4] Group 3: Quality and Supply of Care Services - There is a shortage of professional caregivers, leading many families to rely on informal care, which can compromise care quality [4][5] - The rural areas are particularly affected by a lack of long-term care service providers due to labor outflow and inadequate compensation and working conditions [4][5] Group 4: Recommendations for Improvement - The government is urged to establish a unified LTCI framework that includes clear guidelines on coverage, funding, and service standards to ensure consistency across regions [5] - There is a need for enhanced training programs for caregivers and stricter regulations for care service providers to improve service quality and attract talent [5]