智通财经网·2025-07-29 23:52Core Viewpoint - The report from Everbright Securities highlights that while USD stablecoins can enhance the functionality and usage scenarios of the dollar, thereby reinforcing its position in the international monetary system, they do not fundamentally resolve the underlying issues of the U.S. dollar's twin deficits and may exacerbate risks in the long term [1] Group 1: Nature of Stablecoins - Stablecoins are essentially "on-chain" dollars, with issuers earning a "spread" [2] - They are designed to address volatility in the cryptocurrency market and improve payment efficiency, but their reliance on fiat and crypto assets for collateral reflects a centralized characteristic [2] - The market is highly concentrated, with USDT and USDC accounting for approximately 90% of stablecoin trading volume and about 80% of market capitalization [2] Group 2: Regulatory Framework - The regulatory frameworks for stablecoins in the U.S., EU, and Hong Kong share a common structure but differ in specifics [3] - The U.S. GENIUS Act focuses on payment-type stablecoins, requiring 100% cash or short-term U.S. Treasury bonds as reserves [3] - The EU's MiCA Act aims for broader regulation of crypto assets, emphasizing risk prevention and financial market stability [3] - Hong Kong's stablecoin regulations are characterized by strict approval processes and high reserve coverage, balancing financial innovation with stability [3] Group 3: Macro Impact - Stablecoins enhance liquidity similar to fiat currencies, increasing the speed of money circulation but posing new challenges for central banks in liquidity management [4] - Potential effects include the creation of additional liquidity through lower reserve ratios and the emergence of a "shadow" banking system led by stablecoins [4]