科学与健康｜蚊媒传染病怎么防？——国家疾控局解答热点关切

Core Viewpoint - Recent outbreaks of Chikungunya fever in certain southern cities of China have raised public concern regarding mosquito-borne diseases, prompting the National Health Commission to provide authoritative answers from experts at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention [1]. Group 1: Understanding Mosquito-Borne Diseases - Mosquito-borne diseases are illnesses transmitted through mosquito bites, with Dengue fever, Chikungunya fever, and Zika virus disease being the three common viral diseases widely prevalent globally [2][16]. - Dengue fever is caused by the dengue virus, characterized by high fever (up to 40°C), severe headaches, muscle and joint pain, and rashes, with severe cases potentially leading to bleeding or shock [3][17]. - Chikungunya fever is caused by the Chikungunya virus, presenting sudden fever and severe joint pain, particularly affecting small joints like wrists and ankles, with most patients recovering within one to two weeks [3][18]. - Zika virus disease is caused by the Zika virus, with approximately 80% of infected adults showing no symptoms; however, it poses significant risks to pregnant women, potentially leading to severe birth defects such as microcephaly [3][18]. Group 2: Treatment and Prevention - Currently, there are no vaccines or specific treatments available for these three diseases in China, with clinical management focusing on supportive care and mosquito isolation measures [4][19]. - For Chikungunya fever, rest, fluid intake, and over-the-counter pain relievers (such as acetaminophen) can alleviate some symptoms [5][21]. - It is crucial for patients to avoid taking aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (like ibuprofen) until dengue fever is ruled out, to reduce the risk of bleeding [6][21]. Group 3: Personal and Travel Precautions - Individuals are advised to create a "mosquito-free space" by wearing light-colored long-sleeved clothing outdoors and using mosquito repellents containing active ingredients like DEET or Picaridin [7][22]. - When traveling abroad, it is recommended to research the mosquito-borne disease situation at the destination, especially for pregnant women who should avoid areas with Zika virus outbreaks [8][9][10]. - After returning from travel, individuals should continue to take precautions against mosquito bites for two weeks and seek medical attention if symptoms like fever or joint pain arise [11][24]. Group 4: Community Involvement in Epidemic Control - The public is encouraged to actively participate in community efforts to eliminate mosquito breeding sites by cleaning up stagnant water containers and maintaining hygiene [12][25]. - The key to controlling these mosquito-borne diseases lies in breaking the "human-mosquito-human" transmission chain, especially during the active mosquito season in summer [13][25].