国家发改委宏观经济研究院白泉：节能增效成为绿色转型升级的金钥匙

Core Viewpoint - Energy conservation and efficiency enhancement have become strategic choices for sustainable economic development and the future of humanity, rather than mere environmental initiatives [1] Group 1: Energy Consumption and Challenges - In 2024, China's primary energy consumption reached 5.96 billion tons of standard coal, with oil and natural gas import rates exceeding 70% and 40% respectively, indicating increasing energy security risks [2] - Energy consumption intensity in China decreased by 3.8% year-on-year in 2024, with a cumulative reduction of 11.6% over the first four years of the 14th Five-Year Plan [2] - The focus on energy conservation and efficiency is essential for alleviating energy supply pressure, reducing carbon emissions, and promoting industrial upgrades [2] Group 2: Policy Initiatives and Economic Impact - In 2024, a new round of large-scale equipment updates and consumer product exchanges was initiated, with the aim of enhancing standards for technology, energy consumption, and emissions [3] - The "Two New" policy, which includes subsidies for various household appliances and digital products, is expected to accelerate the green transformation of society [3][4] - By May 31, 2025, the consumer product exchange program generated sales of 1.1 trillion yuan, with approximately 1.75 billion subsidies distributed to consumers [3] Group 3: Investment and Industrial Upgrades - Equipment investment grew by 15.7% in 2024, contributing 2.2 percentage points to overall investment growth [4] - The manufacturing sectors related to the "Two New" policy saw significant growth, with the equipment manufacturing industry's added value increasing by 7.7% in 2024 [4] - New technologies and equipment are rapidly replacing traditional equipment, with notable growth in sectors such as new energy vehicles and solar cells [4] Group 4: Environmental Impact and Future Outlook - The "Two New" policy is projected to save approximately 28 million tons of standard coal and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by about 73 million tons in 2024 [5] - The transition from energy consumption control to carbon emission control is set to occur during the 14th Five-Year Plan, with a target to peak carbon emissions before 2030 [6] - The vision for the future includes transforming factories into resource-recycling "green gardens" and cities into eco-friendly habitats, promoting a lifestyle of simplicity and low carbon [6]