美国经济或处于两种迥异情境 美联储官员等待局势明朗化

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the complexities of setting interest rates by the Federal Reserve amid conflicting economic signals, highlighting the uncertainty in the current economic landscape [1][3]. Group 1: Economic Conditions - The U.S. economy is perceived to be in two distinct scenarios, with Federal Reserve officials needing months to determine which one is accurate [3]. - One scenario suggests that underlying economic weakness may soon become apparent despite stable economic data, while the other posits that investments in artificial intelligence and household wealth growth could help the economy overcome trade war challenges [3]. - Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell is betting that the true state of the U.S. economy will reveal itself in the next two months [3]. Group 2: Labor Market and Consumer Spending - Powell views the low and stable unemployment rate as a sign of economic stability, but it may mask a deteriorating labor market [3]. - There are signs of weakening consumer spending in the U.S., with a decline in service-related expenditures such as hotels, flights, and dining for three consecutive months, marking the first occurrence since 2008 [3]. - Credit card spending among low-income households has also decreased for the first time in over a year [3]. Group 3: Counterarguments and Economic Resilience - Some analysts argue that the warning signals may be mere noise rather than real risks, suggesting that historical economic resilience could continue despite emerging negative factors [4]. - Key factors supporting the economy include a boom in AI investments and wealth accumulation from rising home prices and stock portfolios, which may sustain consumer spending among affluent households [4]. - The article notes that unless unforeseen shocks occur, such as a sharp rise in long-term government debt yields, a comprehensive recession in the U.S. seems unlikely [4]. Group 4: Federal Reserve's Stance - Powell appears to be in no rush to seek answers regarding the economic situation, emphasizing the need for continued observation and learning [4]. - Federal Reserve officials believe they can afford to wait at least two more months to assess the impact of tariffs on economic activity and inflation [4].