人口外流，家门口的外贸饭怎么吃 ——来自黑龙江省黑河市的调查

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of border cities in China's modernization efforts, highlighting the need for economic development and population retention in these areas, particularly through border trade initiatives. Group 1: Economic Development Initiatives - The Chinese government has introduced significant policies aimed at promoting border trade and improving the livelihoods of border residents, such as "治国必治边" and "兴边富民、稳边固边" [1] - Black River City, a century-old border city, has seen a population decline from 1.674 million in 2010 to 1.286 million in 2020, indicating a loss of nearly 400,000 residents over ten years [1][4] - The border trade model in Black River includes a unique "on-site processing + intra-zone trading" dual-track approach, which enhances the traditional functions of border trade while extending the industrial chain [6][18] Group 2: Border Trade and Economic Impact - The border trade allows residents to earn additional income, with individuals like Chen Jiang making around 6,000 yuan monthly from transporting goods across the border [3][4] - The implementation of border trade policies has led to a trade volume of 146 million yuan since 2020, with 19,500 participants involved in various trade activities [8][12] - The establishment of the Black River Border Trade Industry Park has attracted processing enterprises, significantly reducing operational costs and enhancing competitiveness [12][18] Group 3: Infrastructure Development - The construction of the China-Russia cross-border cableway, expected to enhance cross-border trade efficiency, is set to begin trial operations by the end of the year [9][10] - The Black River Highway Bridge facilitates year-round access between China and Russia, with a design capacity of 2.85 million passengers and 6.2 million tons of cargo annually [11] - The development of a digital platform for border trade aims to streamline processes such as trade declaration and logistics, enhancing the overall efficiency of border trade [13][18] Group 4: Challenges and Future Directions - Current border trade policies are seen as outdated, lacking comprehensive measures to support sustainable growth, and primarily benefiting an aging population [17][18] - There is a need for improved processing and transformation systems to increase the added value of imported goods, which currently circulate mainly as primary products [18] - Experts suggest that enhancing the digital monitoring of trade and strengthening the role of cooperatives and industry associations are crucial for preventing illegal activities and ensuring the benefits of border trade reach local residents [18]