冲击之下，上半年外贸数据结构性分化加剧

Overall Trade Performance - In the first half of 2025, China's total import and export volume showed a slight increase, with a total of approximately $30,321 billion, representing a year-on-year growth of 1.8% [3] - Exports reached $18,090 billion, growing by 5.9%, while imports decreased by 3.8% to $12,231 billion, resulting in a trade surplus of $5,859 billion, which is a 34.7% increase [3][4] - Private enterprises contributed significantly to foreign trade, accounting for 65.7% of total exports and 108.2% of the trade surplus in the first half of the year [3][4] Private Enterprises - Private enterprises have shown resilience in the face of challenges, minimizing the overall impact of the US-China trade war [5] - Exports to Africa and ASEAN increased by 21.6% and 9.6%, respectively, indicating successful market diversification efforts [5] - Despite maintaining a high export share of over 66%, private enterprises experienced a slowdown in growth rates in May and June compared to national averages, highlighting emerging challenges [6] Export Structure Changes - The export structure has shifted towards high-tech and high-value-added products, with mechanical and electrical products accounting for 60% of total exports, growing by 8.2% [6][7] - High-tech product exports increased by 6.4%, with integrated circuits seeing an 18.9% growth, reflecting advancements in China's manufacturing capabilities [7] - Traditional industries, particularly light manufacturing, faced significant declines, with apparel exports down by 0.2% and footwear exports down by 7.2% [8] Challenges in Traditional Industries - The light industry, heavily reliant on the US market, is particularly sensitive to tariff impacts, with significant declines in exports of toys, furniture, and other products [8] - The energy and raw materials sectors also saw declines, with steel exports down by 2% and coal exports down by 9.9%, attributed to global economic weakness and overcapacity in China [9] Outlook for the Second Half of 2025 - Despite a more favorable tariff environment, uncertainties in the global economy and geopolitical tensions pose significant challenges for foreign trade [11] - The focus will need to be on enhancing the quality and structure of exports while maintaining stable growth in volume [11] - Monitoring the operational status of private enterprises and optimizing the business environment will be crucial for sustaining high-tech industry advantages [11]