锐评|从1到19，这张网跳动着北京发展的脉搏

Core Insights - The official renaming of the 13A line to the 18 line marks the completion of Beijing's subway network, which now includes lines 1 to 19, enhancing urban connectivity and transportation efficiency [2][3] Group 1: Historical Development - The Beijing subway began construction on July 1, 1965, with the first line opening for trial operation in January 1971, initially serving a daily passenger flow of only tens of thousands [2] - Over the years, the subway network has expanded significantly, with key milestones including the opening of the 2nd line in 2002, the 5th line in 2007, and the operational mileage surpassing 600 kilometers by the end of 2017 [2] - As of now, the total operational mileage exceeds 800 kilometers, with over 400 stations and a daily passenger volume exceeding 11 million, placing it among the world's leading subway systems [2] Group 2: Institutional Support and Planning - The success of the Beijing subway is attributed to strong institutional execution, which is crucial for overcoming the complexities of construction in a megacity [3] - The city has maintained a consistent and forward-looking approach to subway planning and construction, exemplified by the foresight in station designs that facilitate future expansions [3] - The integration of various payment methods, including paper tickets, transit cards, and QR codes, enhances user convenience and accessibility for both residents and tourists [3] Group 3: Economic and Social Impact - A well-developed transportation network is fundamental to the economic and social development of a city, significantly impacting residents' quality of life and the city's image [3] - The Beijing subway has become the preferred commuting method for residents and a popular choice for tourists visiting the city, reflecting its importance in urban mobility [3][4]