美“对等关税”生效 经济讹诈遭各国反对

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. government has implemented adjusted "reciprocal tariffs" that impose tariffs ranging from 10% to 41% on numerous trade partners, leading to significant international criticism and concerns about the implications for global trade dynamics [1][2]. Group 1: Trade Agreements and Tariffs - The U.S. has reached trade agreements with countries including the UK, Vietnam, Indonesia, the Philippines, Japan, the EU, and South Korea, primarily aimed at maximizing U.S. interests through political coercion and economic extortion [2]. - Most trade partners face tariffs exceeding 15% on exports to the U.S., while they are unable to impose equivalent tariffs on U.S. imports, with the U.S.-EU agreement imposing a 15% tariff on EU goods, significantly higher than the previous average of less than 5% [2]. - The agreements compel trade partners to open their markets to U.S. products while the U.S. maintains higher tariffs, exemplified by Japan's commitment to open its automotive and agricultural markets [2]. Group 2: Investment and Profit Distribution - The U.S. aims to direct capital flows towards itself, with Japan promising $550 billion in investments, of which the U.S. claims it will receive 90% of the profits, raising concerns about the fairness of profit distribution [2]. - The EU is expected to purchase $750 billion worth of energy products from the U.S. and increase investments by $600 billion, which critics argue undermines European interests and economic prospects [2]. Group 3: Economic Impact and Criticism - The trade agreements have sparked significant criticism within partner countries, with concerns that the U.S. is establishing an economic colonial system that could harm the global economy and isolate the U.S. itself [6][7]. - European leaders have expressed dissatisfaction with the agreements, indicating that they could severely impact economic growth and increase inflation in the U.S. [6][7]. - Observers note that the agreements are framework agreements with vague terms and unilateral enforcement mechanisms, leading to uncertainty about their sustainability and potential for escalating trade tensions [4]. Group 4: Global Trade Dynamics - The U.S. approach is prompting trade partners to seek closer ties with each other, as evidenced by the EU's efforts to strengthen trade relations with the UK, Canada, India, and South Africa, moving away from reliance on the U.S. [7]. - The U.S. government's tariff policies are seen as undermining the World Trade Organization and global trade systems, potentially leading to the U.S. becoming isolated and marginalized [7].