国际观察丨美“对等关税”生效 经济讹诈遭各国反对

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. government has implemented adjusted "reciprocal tariffs" that impose tariffs ranging from 10% to 41% on numerous trade partners, leading to significant international criticism and concerns about economic colonialism [1][10][12]. Group 1: Tariff Implementation and Agreements - The tariffs have been enacted despite the U.S. reaching agreements with several countries, including the UK, Vietnam, and the EU, but key details remain contentious and uncertain [1][3]. - The agreements deviate from the U.S. claim of "reciprocal" tariffs, as most trade partners face tariffs over 15%, while the U.S. products often enjoy lower or no tariffs [5][9]. - The U.S. is leveraging these agreements to push for unilateral market access while maintaining high tariffs to protect its own industries [5][6]. Group 2: Economic Impact and Criticism - The agreements are perceived as benefiting the U.S. disproportionately, with Japan committing to invest $550 billion, of which the U.S. claims it will receive 90% of the profits, raising concerns about fair profit distribution [5][8]. - The EU's commitment to purchase $750 billion worth of energy from the U.S. by 2028 is questioned due to logistical challenges and current capacity limitations [8][12]. - Critics, including European leaders, argue that these agreements represent a form of economic coercion that undermines multilateral trade systems and could lead to increased isolation for the U.S. [10][12][13]. Group 3: Global Trade Dynamics - The U.S. tariffs and agreements are prompting trade partners to seek closer ties with each other, potentially reshaping global trade dynamics away from U.S. influence [13]. - Observers note that the U.S. underestimates the negative impact of its tariff policies on its own economy and global trade, risking long-term economic consequences [13].