存款保险制度十年深耕 多维度夯实金融“安全网”

Core Viewpoint - The establishment and implementation of the deposit insurance system in China have significantly enhanced the protection of depositors' rights and contributed to financial stability over the past decade, especially highlighted by the successful resolution of the Baoshang Bank crisis [1][2][3]. Group 1: Background and Development of Deposit Insurance - The deposit insurance system was officially established on May 1, 2015, after a long development process that began with proposals in 1993 [2]. - The system aims to safeguard public interests by ensuring the safety of deposits through a legally established insurance fund [2]. - Over the past ten years, the system has played a crucial role in protecting depositors and maintaining financial stability, particularly during crises [2]. Group 2: Case Study of Baoshang Bank - Baoshang Bank was placed under regulatory takeover on May 24, 2019, due to severe credit risks and significant asset impairment [1][3]. - The bank's crisis was exacerbated by the failure of its major shareholder to repay funds, leading to a liquidity crisis [3]. - The deposit insurance system facilitated the resolution of Baoshang Bank's issues by establishing a new bank to take over deposits and core operations, thus protecting depositors [1][3]. Group 3: Functionality and Impact of Deposit Insurance - The deposit insurance system has a compensation limit of 500,000 yuan, which covers 99% of depositors, placing it at a relatively high international level [4][5]. - Since its inception, the system has collected a total of 373.2 billion yuan in premiums, providing a solid resource base for protecting depositors [5]. - The system has effectively reduced the frequency and impact of bank runs, particularly after the introduction of deposit insurance branding and public awareness campaigns in 2020 [5]. Group 4: Risk Management and Regulatory Framework - The deposit insurance system is designed not just as a payout mechanism but as a proactive risk management tool, incorporating monitoring, early intervention, and market exit strategies [6][7]. - A risk-based premium system was introduced in 2016, requiring higher premiums from riskier institutions, thereby encouraging prudent management [8]. - The system's effectiveness relies on accurate risk assessment and timely intervention, necessitating enhanced monitoring and regulatory powers for the deposit insurance fund management [9][10]. Group 5: Future Enhancements and Recommendations - There is a need to strengthen the deposit insurance system's risk management capabilities and enhance its authority to initiate risk resolution measures [11][12]. - Recommendations include developing a dedicated deposit insurance law, improving risk monitoring systems, and ensuring effective early intervention mechanisms [10][12]. - The overall goal is to create a robust financial safety net that prevents systemic risks while ensuring fair competition among financial institutions [12][13].