不当事后“买单”的“付款箱”

Core Viewpoint - The importance of deposit insurance has been highlighted in the context of recent banking crises, particularly following the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank in 2023, emphasizing the need for effective financial safety nets to protect depositors [1][2]. Group 1: Deposit Insurance Overview - Deposit insurance is a legal framework established by the state to protect public deposits, ensuring safety for amounts up to 500,000 RMB per depositor in a single institution [1]. - Globally, nearly 150 countries have implemented deposit insurance systems, often through specialized legislation and institutions to safeguard depositors' interests and maintain financial stability [2][3]. Group 2: Challenges and Lessons - Historical lessons indicate that deposit insurance cannot merely function as a "paybox" without proactive regulation, as evidenced by the failures of nearly 3,000 U.S. savings and loan institutions from 1980 to 1994, leading to significant financial losses [2]. - Countries like the U.S., Canada, Japan, and South Korea have established comprehensive legal frameworks for deposit insurance, which include risk monitoring and early corrective measures to mitigate moral hazard [3][4]. Group 3: Recommendations for Improvement - Experts suggest that deposit insurance must adopt a comprehensive approach, incorporating early corrective measures and risk monitoring to prevent regulatory complacency and moral hazard [3][5]. - The Chinese deposit insurance system has adopted a "risk minimization" model but requires enhancements in early corrective functions, similar to the established practices in the U.S. and other countries [3][4]. Group 4: Future Directions - The future of deposit insurance in China should focus on strengthening its legal framework, enhancing risk monitoring and early warning systems, and improving coordination with financial regulatory bodies [5][6]. - There is a need to expand the capabilities of deposit insurance in risk management, including the establishment of a backup financing mechanism and the development of diverse risk disposal tools [6].