
Group 1 - The discussion includes both macroeconomic factors and specific stocks such as Norfolk Southern (NSC), Caterpillar (CAT), and Duke Energy (DUK) [1] - The focus is on long-term investment strategies in U.S. and European equities, emphasizing undervalued growth stocks and high-quality dividend growers [2] - Sustained profitability, characterized by strong margins, stable and expanding free cash flow, and high returns on invested capital, is highlighted as a more reliable driver of returns than valuation alone [2] Group 2 - The analyst has a beneficial long position in the shares of NSC and CNI through stock ownership, options, or other derivatives [3] - The article expresses the author's own opinions and is not compensated for it, aside from Seeking Alpha [3] - Seeking Alpha clarifies that past performance does not guarantee future results and does not provide specific investment recommendations [4]