制造业受阻、关税加压，“印度制造”雄心面临现实考验

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights the significant impact of the U.S. imposing punitive tariffs on Indian goods, which could severely challenge India's manufacturing sector and economic growth [1][8] - On July 30, Trump declared that the Indian economy was "dead," and on August 6, he signed an executive order imposing an additional 25% tariff on Indian imports to the U.S., raising the total tariff rate on Indian goods to 50% [1][3] - Moody's International Ratings Agency believes that these tariffs will pose a serious challenge to the "Make in India" initiative, which aims to boost manufacturing in the country [1][4] Group 2 - The "Make in India" initiative, launched in 2014, aims to increase the manufacturing sector's contribution to India's GDP to 25% by 2025 and establish India as a global manufacturing hub [3][4] - Despite initial successes, such as becoming the world's second-largest mobile phone manufacturer, the initiative has faced slow progress in sectors other than mobile phones and pharmaceuticals, with subsidy disbursement rates below 8% [4][5] - Following the implementation of the Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme, the share of manufacturing in India's GDP actually decreased from 15.4% to 14.3% [5][7] Group 3 - Structural issues in India, such as inadequate industrial infrastructure, complex regulations, and slow land acquisition processes, are hindering the growth of the manufacturing sector [7][8] - The U.S. is India's largest export market, accounting for approximately 18% of India's exports, and the new tariffs could reduce India's economic growth rate from an expected 7% to nearly 6% between 2025 and 2026 [7][8] - Companies like Apple, which planned to shift 25% of iPhone production to India by 2025, are now accelerating shipments to the U.S. to avoid high tariffs, indicating a potential disruption in the anticipated supply chain benefits [7][8]