制造业受阻、关税加压 “印度制造”雄心面临现实考验

Core Viewpoint - The imposition of punitive tariffs by the U.S. on Indian imports is expected to severely challenge India's manufacturing sector and disrupt its economic growth trajectory [1][2]. Group 1: U.S. Tariff Impact - On August 6, the U.S. imposed an additional 25% tariff on Indian imports, raising the total tariff rate on Indian goods to 50% [1][2]. - Moody's has indicated that these tariffs will pose a significant challenge to "Make in India," which aims to enhance India's manufacturing competitiveness [2][7]. - The bilateral trade between the U.S. and India is projected to be around $130 billion in 2024, with key exports from India including pharmaceuticals, auto parts, electrical products, and gemstones [2]. Group 2: Structural Issues in Indian Manufacturing - Despite initial successes, the "Make in India" initiative has faced slow progress in sectors outside of mobile phones and pharmaceuticals, with subsidy disbursement rates below 8% [3][4]. - The share of manufacturing in India's GDP has decreased from 15.4% to 14.3% since the implementation of the Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme [4]. - Structural issues such as inadequate industrial infrastructure, complex regulations, and slow land acquisition processes are hindering the growth of India's manufacturing sector [5][6]. Group 3: Economic Growth Projections - The punitive tariffs are expected to reduce India's GDP growth rate by approximately 0.9 percentage points, with projections for economic growth dropping from 7% to nearly 6% for 2025-2026 [2][7]. - Apple, which had planned to shift 25% of its iPhone production to India by 2025, is now accelerating shipments to the U.S. to avoid high tariffs, indicating a shift in supply chain strategies [8]. Group 4: Government Response and Future Outlook - Prime Minister Modi has called for public support for domestic products in response to the U.S. tariffs, highlighting the pressure on his long-standing economic agenda [2][9]. - The contrast between Modi's vision of India as the "world's third-largest economy" and the reality of stalled infrastructure projects underscores the need for substantial structural reforms [9].