银行业“反内卷”，究竟是在“反”什么？

Core Viewpoint - The banking industry is experiencing intense competition characterized by price wars and scale wars, leading to a detrimental "involution" that affects both the industry ecosystem and the real economy [1][2]. Group 1: Competition Dynamics - The competition among banks has escalated to unprecedented levels, resulting in a "price war" where loan rates have dropped below 3%, nearing the banks' funding cost limits [1]. - The "scale war" continues unabated, with banks pressured to attract deposits, leading to practices like "manual interest compensation" and "high-interest deposit purchases," which often breach financial compliance [1][2]. - This low-level repetitive competition not only compresses banks' profit margins but also leads to a waste of credit resources, weakening overall innovation and service quality in the banking sector [2]. Group 2: Need for Change - The banking industry requires a "de-involution" movement to alleviate the intense competition and reduce the burden on frontline employees [2]. - Financial regulatory authorities advocate for a shift from "scale-driven" to "value-driven" sustainable development in banking competition, emphasizing the need for banks to enhance their internal capabilities and innovation [2][3]. - Banks should diversify their revenue streams by expanding non-interest income businesses, such as wealth management and consulting services, to reduce reliance on interest margin income [2]. Group 3: Differentiation and Internal Optimization - Different types of banks need to establish clear differentiation in their development strategies, focusing on specific customer groups and business areas to provide unique financial services [3]. - In a competitive environment still influenced by "scale obsession," optimizing internal assessment and incentive mechanisms is crucial, incorporating diverse performance metrics beyond just deposit and loan scales [3]. - Financial regulatory bodies should continuously refine the competitive ecosystem, promoting differentiated competition among various types of institutions and establishing fair and orderly competition frameworks [3][4].