瞭望 | 美国AI竞赛新路线图

Core Points - The release of the "AI Action Plan" by the U.S. marks a new phase in the artificial intelligence competition, shifting focus from mere technological breakthroughs to achieving industrial transformation through AI [2][8] - The plan is structured around three main pillars: accelerating AI innovation, building AI infrastructure, and leading in international AI diplomacy and security [3][4] Group 1: AI Action Plan Overview - The "AI Action Plan" aims to unify regulatory relaxation across various industries to support AI-driven transformations, with 14 out of 15 policy goals focused on industrial change [3] - The plan emphasizes the need for robust AI infrastructure, including data centers, chip supply, energy sources, and talent development, as AI's electricity demand is projected to double in the next two years [3][7] - The third pillar focuses on international leadership in AI, utilizing technology export subsidies and diplomatic pressure to counter the global spread of open-source AI ecosystems [4][9] Group 2: Challenges and Concerns - The reliance on major tech giants may hinder innovation, as the plan's favoritism towards established companies could exacerbate the "Matthew effect" in the AI ecosystem, limiting the emergence of new players [6][8] - The U.S. energy supply is under strain, with a significant reliance on natural gas and coal, and the timeline for new energy projects is extended, raising concerns about meeting the growing electricity demands of AI [7][8] - The plan's focus on maintaining a dominant AI ecosystem may provoke other regions, such as the EU, to accelerate their own technological sovereignty initiatives, potentially undermining U.S. market advantages [8][9]