发达经济体对美加息各怀心思

Group 1 - The Federal Reserve raised the federal funds rate by 25 basis points to a target range of 0.25% to 0.5% and plans to reduce its holdings of U.S. Treasuries and mortgage-backed securities, indicating a tightening of monetary policy [1] - Following the Fed's decision, several countries, including Brazil and various Middle Eastern nations, raised their benchmark interest rates to counteract potential economic risks associated with rising financing costs and capital outflows [1] - The Bank of Japan decided to maintain its current accommodative monetary policy, citing ongoing economic challenges such as the impact of COVID-19 variants and high energy prices, which have led to a lack of urgency for rate hikes [2] Group 2 - The European Central Bank (ECB) has shifted its stance on monetary policy, indicating a potential for interest rate hikes in response to rising inflation expectations and the economic impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict [3] - The ECB's recent decision to reduce its asset purchase program reflects a need for increased policy flexibility amid heightened uncertainty in the eurozone economy, with inflation expectations rising significantly [3] - The European Union faces economic challenges due to sanctions against Russia, which have led to rising energy and commodity prices, supply chain disruptions, and negative impacts on consumer prices and investment [4]