深度观察｜长三角首个电力现货市场的“立”与“破”

Core Insights - The formal operation of the Zhejiang electricity spot market marks a significant step in China's electricity system reform and the establishment of a unified national electricity market [1][2] - The transition to a formal spot market is a crucial exploration for Zhejiang to address resource constraints and energy transition challenges, aiming to enhance electricity supply capacity and facilitate renewable energy consumption [2][3] Market Development - The Zhejiang electricity spot market has undergone a trial run since 2019, facing interruptions due to supply stability concerns, but has now established a more robust operational framework [2][3] - By 2024, the market is expected to see a marketized electricity generation of 5,260 billion kWh and a marketized electricity consumption of 3,388 billion kWh, with 131,800 registered operating entities [2][5] Resource Optimization - The spot market is enhancing electricity supply capabilities and optimizing resource allocation, with significant improvements in operational efficiency and reduced downtime for power generation units [6][10] - The market's operation has led to a decrease in non-stop rates and blockage rates for coal-fired units, achieving historical lows of 0.6% and 0.3% respectively [6] Renewable Energy Integration - The establishment of the spot market is crucial for supporting the rapid development of renewable energy in Zhejiang, which has seen solar power installations surpass coal power [6][8] - The market is expected to facilitate the consumption of over 1 billion kWh of renewable energy by 2025, promoting a cleaner and low-carbon electricity system [7][8] Price Stability and Market Dynamics - The competitive nature of the spot market is contributing to stable electricity prices, with the average wholesale price dropping from 463.8 yuan/MWh in 2024 to 409.9 yuan/MWh in 2025 [10] - The market's design allows for better price signals that guide electricity generation and consumption, enhancing the overall efficiency of the electricity system [10][11] Economic Impact - The optimization of the electricity market is aligned with economic development, supporting the growth of low-cost electricity sources while managing peak demand effectively [10][11] - The experience gained from Zhejiang's spot market operation is seen as a valuable reference for the nationwide electricity market construction [11]