人口回流给希腊提出改革新课题

Core Viewpoint - The trend of Greek labor outflow is reversing, with approximately 400,000 Greeks returning home since 2010, leading to a net population inflow of 15,000 in 2023, attributed to economic recovery and policy reforms [1][2]. Group 1: Talent Return and Government Initiatives - The Greek government has introduced a package of incentives to encourage talent return, including a 50% personal income tax reduction for returning and newly recruited professionals for up to 7 years [2]. - The government offers wage subsidies of up to €2,000 for professionals in high-demand fields such as healthcare, science, and engineering [2]. - Simplified qualification recognition processes for overseas professionals aim to expedite their entry into the local labor market [2]. Group 2: Challenges Faced by Returnees - Despite government incentives, most returnees earn significantly lower wages compared to their overseas counterparts, with only 17% receiving comparable salaries [2]. - The purchasing power of Greek workers remains among the lowest in the EU, indicating structural issues in labor compensation [2]. - The labor market exhibits a mismatch between the skills of returnees and available job opportunities, with many high-demand positions in technology and advanced manufacturing unfilled [3]. Group 3: Labor Market Dynamics - Greece faces a dual challenge of labor shortages and unemployment, with significant job vacancies across various sectors, including tourism, construction, and IT [3]. - The aging population poses additional challenges, with projections indicating that by 2050, 37% of the population will be over 65, increasing demand for healthcare and elder-friendly industries [3]. Group 4: Recommendations for Sustainable Talent Retention - Experts suggest that Greece must implement structural reforms beyond tax incentives, including reducing social security burdens and enhancing productivity to improve wage levels [4]. - Aligning industry needs with the skills of returning talent in sectors like energy transition and digital infrastructure is crucial for sustainable growth [4]. - Policies should focus on family stability, improving childcare resources, education, and remote work infrastructure to enhance the living conditions of returnees [4].