全固态电池：锂电池的下一代解决方案

Core Insights - Solid-state batteries have significant advantages over traditional lithium-ion batteries, including higher energy density potential and improved safety features [1][2] - The key to enhancing the energy density of solid-state batteries lies in the anode, which can accommodate high-silicon or lithium metal anodes, with energy density expected to exceed 500Wh/kg [1][2] - Solid-state batteries utilize solid electrolytes, which significantly outperform liquid batteries in preventing lithium dendrite growth, being non-flammable, and having higher thermal stability [1][2] Solid Electrolyte Types - Solid electrolytes are categorized into four main types: polymers, oxides, sulfides, and halides, each with distinct advantages and disadvantages [2] - Polymers have good processability but low ionic conductivity; oxides are stable but have poor processing performance; halides are stable but costly and moisture-sensitive; sulfides have the highest ionic conductivity but face challenges with electrochemical and air stability [2] Challenges in Solid-State Batteries - The core issues facing solid-state batteries include the wettability of solid-solid interfaces, narrow electrochemical stability windows, and poor physical contact leading to increased impedance [2][3] - These challenges can result in lithium dendrite growth and reduced cycle life, which are critical for the commercial viability of solid-state batteries [2][3] Technological Developments - Key advancements in solid-state battery production include dry electrode processes suitable for sulfide electrolytes and the use of isostatic pressing equipment to enhance interface contact [3] - The positive electrode will initially continue using high-nickel ternary materials, transitioning to lower-cost manganese-based materials in the long term, while the negative electrode will shift towards silicon-based materials and eventually lithium metal [3] Market and Policy Outlook - The Chinese Ministry of Industry and Information Technology plans to invest approximately 6 billion yuan in 2024 to support leading battery manufacturers and automakers in solid-state battery research and development [3] - The industrialization timeline indicates that the consumer sector will see large-scale adoption between 2025-2026, the eVTOL sector from 2026-2028, and the power sector will begin mass production post-2027, with gradual scaling expected after 2030 [3]