美国发布新版高血压指南 建议尽早干预和治疗

Core Viewpoint - The American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology have released a new hypertension clinical practice guideline, marking the first update since 2017, which emphasizes early intervention and treatment for borderline hypertension [1][2]. Summary by Relevant Sections Hypertension Guidelines - The new guideline maintains the target blood pressure values for adults: normal blood pressure is below 120/80 mmHg, and elevated blood pressure ranges from 120-129/80 mmHg. Action is required if blood pressure is 130/80 mmHg or higher [1]. - For systolic blood pressure between 130 and 139 mmHg, lifestyle changes should be the first step. If blood pressure does not reach the target range after 3 to 6 months, medication is recommended, differing from the previous guideline which suggested medication for systolic pressure above 140 mmHg [1]. Lifestyle Adjustments - Recommended lifestyle adjustments include maintaining a healthy weight, following a heart-healthy diet, reducing sodium intake, managing stress, engaging in moderate physical activity, and limiting or abstaining from alcohol [1][2]. - The new guideline advises minimizing alcohol consumption, with the ideal choice being complete abstinence, contrasting with the previous recommendation of limited daily alcohol intake [2]. Dietary Recommendations - The dietary recommendations remain consistent, emphasizing increased consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy while reducing saturated fat and total fat intake. Sodium intake should be less than 2,300 mg per day, with an ideal target of 1,500 mg [2]. - For overweight or obese individuals, a weight loss of at least 5% is recommended, with clinically proven interventions suggested for those with severe obesity [2]. Publication - The new guidelines have been published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology [3].