2024年全球陆地和海洋温度破纪录

Core Insights - The latest report from the American Meteorological Society, titled "Annual Climate Status Report," warns that multiple climate indicators are set to break records in 2024, including greenhouse gas concentrations, land and ocean temperatures, sea level heights, and ocean heat content [1][2] Group 1: Greenhouse Gas Concentrations - The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has reached 422.8±0.1 parts per million (ppm), a 52% increase from the pre-industrial level of 278 ppm [1] Group 2: Temperature Records - Global surface temperatures have broken records for two consecutive years, exceeding the 1991-2020 average by 0.63℃ to 0.72℃ [2] - The period from 2015 to 2024 is confirmed as the hottest decade on record, according to six authoritative datasets [2] Group 3: Ocean Temperature and Heat Waves - Influenced by the El Niño phenomenon, global sea surface temperatures are expected to reach new highs in 2024, with an increase of 0.06℃ compared to the record set in 2023 [2] - Approximately 91% of ocean areas are experiencing heat waves, while only 26% are facing cold waves [2] Group 4: Water Cycle and Extreme Weather - The amount of water vapor in the atmosphere has reached a historical high, with over 20% of global regions experiencing extreme vapor values, significantly higher than the 10% recorded in 2023 [2] Group 5: Ocean Heat Content and Sea Level Rise - Global ocean heat content has reached unprecedented levels, with measurements taken from the surface down to 2000 meters deep continuing to increase [2] - The global average sea level has set new records for 13 consecutive years, rising approximately 105.8 millimeters since the beginning of satellite monitoring in 1993 [2] Group 6: Glacier Melting - In 2024, 58 benchmark glaciers worldwide have reported mass loss for two consecutive years, marking the largest average loss in 55 years [2] - Venezuela has become the first Andean country to completely lose its glaciers, while the Conejeras Glacier in Colombia has been officially declared "dead" [2]