记者观察：刚果（金）和平进程迟滞 美国交易式调解遭质疑

Core Viewpoint - The peace agreement between the Congolese government and the "M23 Movement" has not been realized, with ongoing conflict in eastern Congo despite the deadline for the agreement having passed on August 18 [1][2]. Group 1: Peace Process Stagnation - The conflict in eastern Congo escalated earlier this year, with the "M23 Movement" launching attacks in North Kivu and South Kivu provinces, resulting in significant civilian casualties [2]. - A principle declaration was signed in Doha on July 19, with a commitment to start peace negotiations by August 8 and reach an agreement by August 18 [2]. - Despite positive statements from both parties regarding dialogue, the situation on the battlefield has worsened, with mutual accusations of attacks and violations [5][7]. Group 2: Mediation Challenges - The dual-track mediation led by the U.S. has highlighted significant flaws, as it involves separate negotiations between the Congolese government and the "M23 Movement," and between Congo and Rwanda, lacking coordination [8][9]. - The U.S. has been criticized for its insufficient internal coordination in African affairs, which has weakened its ability to enforce agreements [12]. Group 3: Resource Exploitation Concerns - Congo is rich in scarce mineral resources, particularly cobalt, which accounts for half of the global supply, making it a target for U.S. interests [14][16]. - The peace process has been perceived as a means for the U.S. to secure mining rights in Congo, with recent agreements indicating a push for U.S. investors to become partners in mineral development [16]. - There are concerns that the focus on mineral exploitation may lead to the exploitation of local populations, as aid is reduced and aggressive resource acquisition strategies are employed [16].