需求失配、能力不适问题凸显，我国高校工科专业大洗牌

Core Insights - The adjustment of engineering majors in China has been significant, with 1,395 new majors added and 823 majors removed in the past two years [7][5] - The current industrial demand for engineering talent has shifted from a "large and comprehensive" approach to a more specialized focus, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary and innovative talent in the era of artificial intelligence [1][2] Group 1: Engineering Major Adjustments - The Ministry of Education and other departments have initiated a reform plan aiming to optimize and adjust 20% of higher education majors by 2025, leading to a wave of adjustments in undergraduate programs [5][10] - The majority of new engineering majors focus on fields such as computer science, electronic information, and mechanical engineering, with a notable increase in majors related to artificial intelligence and smart manufacturing [7][9] Group 2: Educational Reform and Talent Development - There is a consensus among educational institutions, government, and industry to collaborate in cultivating engineering talent, with many universities reforming their academic structures to better align with market demands [3][4] - Notable universities like Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Peking University have restructured their departments to focus on cutting-edge fields such as integrated circuits and intelligent technologies, enhancing interdisciplinary integration [3][4] Group 3: Curriculum Design Based on Industry Needs - Courses are being designed to align with actual industry demands, such as the course "Engineering Finite Element and Numerical Calculation," which integrates practical engineering problems into the curriculum [4] - The emphasis is on developing students' practical innovation capabilities, with educational resources being built around real-world engineering challenges [4][9] Group 4: Future Directions and Strategic Focus - The focus of future professional adjustments will be on integrating new engineering, medical, agricultural, and liberal arts disciplines, promoting interdisciplinary collaboration [10] - The government aims to enhance the responsiveness of higher education to national strategies, market needs, and technological advancements, ensuring that talent cultivation aligns with economic and social development [10]