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东西问丨苏发祥:60年生态路,西藏如何破解保护与发展难题?
Zhong Guo Xin Wen Wang·2025-08-22 11:32

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the ecological achievements and sustainable development practices in Tibet over the past 60 years, highlighting the balance between environmental protection and economic growth, and presenting Tibet as a model for other ecologically fragile regions globally [3][4][5]. Group 1: Ecological Achievements - Tibet has established 47 nature reserves covering 412,200 square kilometers, which is 34.35% of its total land area [4]. - The forest coverage rate in Tibet is 12.31%, with grassland vegetation coverage exceeding 48% and wetland protection rate at 68.75% [4]. - Tibet is home to 1,072 species of terrestrial wild vertebrates and 7,504 species of vascular plants, including key protected species like the snow leopard and Tibetan antelope [4]. Group 2: Environmental Quality Improvement - Tibet's air quality is among the best in China, with an average of 99.7% of days in 2024 classified as good air quality [5]. - All major rivers and lakes in Tibet meet or exceed Class III water quality standards [5]. - The region has seen significant improvements in living conditions, with a focus on beautiful rural construction [5]. Group 3: Green Development Initiatives - From 2021 to 2024, Tibet provided an average of 440,000 ecological jobs annually, contributing to increased income for farmers and herders [5]. - The cultural tourism industry in Tibet saw over 63.89 million visitors in 2024, with total tourism spending exceeding 74.6 billion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 15.8% [14]. - The clean energy sector in Tibet has developed rapidly, with cumulative electricity exports reaching approximately 16 billion kilowatt-hours since 2015 [14]. Group 4: Legal and Policy Framework - The implementation of the "Ecological Protection Law of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau" in 2023 has strengthened the legal framework for sustainable development in the region [6]. - The concept of "green mountains and clear waters are as valuable as mountains of gold and silver" is being integrated into local governance and development strategies [10]. Group 5: International Collaboration - Tibet's ecological protection efforts are increasingly recognized internationally, with joint scientific research initiatives involving countries like the USA, Denmark, Germany, and Switzerland [12]. - International forums such as the "Himalayan Ring" and "Tibet Development Forum" serve as platforms for showcasing Tibet's ecological achievements and fostering global academic exchanges [12]. Group 6: Cultural Integration in Ecological Practices - Traditional Tibetan ecological wisdom, such as the sacred mountain and lake system, plays a crucial role in contemporary ecological protection efforts [10]. - The integration of local cultural values with modern ecological concepts has created a unique path for environmental protection in Tibet [10].