从加工贸易“冠军”到多元业态“齐放”，看深圳外贸枢纽蝶变

Core Insights - Shenzhen has transformed from a small trade player in 1979 with an import-export value of 16.76 million USD to a major economic hub with a projected value of 4.49 trillion RMB in 2024, representing 10.2% of China's total foreign trade [1][5] - The city has evolved its foreign trade structure from a focus on processing trade to a diversified model that includes general trade and bonded logistics, with general trade surpassing processing trade in 2015 and reaching 2.47 trillion RMB in 2024 [4][5] - Shenzhen's high-tech product exports have significantly increased from 9% in 1993 to 41.2% in 2024, indicating a shift towards higher value-added industries [5] Trade Evolution - In the early days, Shenzhen's foreign trade was minimal, accounting for only 0.06% of the national total, and relied heavily on processing trade [3] - The introduction of innovative customs practices, such as centralized customs declaration, helped streamline trade processes and reduce bottlenecks [3] - By the 1990s, Shenzhen established itself as a leader in export supervision and bonded warehousing, with processing trade accounting for a quarter of the national total [3] Port and Logistics Development - Shenzhen has developed a comprehensive port system, transitioning from basic facilities in the 1980s to a sophisticated network that includes sea, land, air, and rail [6][8] - The port's container throughput has ranked first in the Greater Bay Area, with a significant increase of 9.56% in the first seven months of the year compared to the previous year [8] - The city has expanded its trade partnerships from 85 in 1985 to over 250 countries and regions by 2024, reflecting its growing global trade footprint [8] Regulatory and Institutional Innovation - Shenzhen has undergone significant regulatory reforms to enhance trade efficiency, including the introduction of paperless customs processes and streamlined approval systems [10][12] - The establishment of the AEO (Authorized Economic Operator) program has provided businesses with expedited customs processes, reducing inspection rates and improving supply chain efficiency [12] - The city's business environment has improved, with over 400,000 market entities and more than 210,000 registered foreign trade operators, supporting sustainable high-quality development in foreign trade [12]