【银行观察】优化银行风险管理落实好并购贷款政策

Core Viewpoint - The National Financial Supervision Administration has released a draft for the "Management Measures for Mergers and Acquisitions Loans by Commercial Banks," marking the first comprehensive upgrade of the regulatory framework since 2015, focusing on "optimizing services and preventing risks" [1][2] Group 1: Regulatory Changes - The new measures introduce a balanced approach of "moderate looseness and strictness," allowing for financial support in industrial integration while setting clear risk boundaries for commercial banks [1][2] - The inclusion of equity-based mergers in the support scope breaks the previous limitation of only covering controlling mergers, aligning with current industrial chain collaboration needs [1][2] - The upper limit for controlling merger loan ratios has been raised from 60% to 70%, and the maximum loan term extended from 7 years to 10 years; for equity-based mergers, the loan ratio is capped at 60% with a maximum term of 7 years [1][2] Group 2: Enhanced Risk Management - Banks engaging in merger loans must meet basic conditions such as "good regulatory ratings and compliance with key prudential indicators," along with asset size thresholds to prevent smaller banks from engaging in high-risk activities [2][3] - The measures emphasize a closed-loop risk management process throughout the loan lifecycle, requiring thorough pre-loan assessments of borrowers' repayment capabilities and post-loan vigilance against fund misappropriation and fraudulent mergers [2][3] - Quantitative risk boundaries are established through prohibitive clauses, such as ensuring that the total balance of merger loans does not exceed 50% of the bank's tier 1 capital and that equity-based loans do not exceed 30% of total merger loans [2][3] Group 3: Operational Requirements for Banks - Banks are required to develop specialized management mechanisms and systems to comply with the new measures, including defining business processes, risk assessment standards, and approval authority, along with establishing dedicated information systems for real-time monitoring [2][3] - The establishment of a professional team is mandated, comprising merger experts, credit analysts, industry researchers, lawyers, and accountants to enhance risk identification accuracy [3] - A multi-dimensional repayment capability assessment system is to be constructed, analyzing both financial and non-financial factors to evaluate the ongoing profitability and debt repayment ability of acquired companies [3]