特朗普“免职”美联储理事 “央行独立性”遭前所未有挑战

Core Viewpoint - The political move by former President Trump to dismiss Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook has sparked significant controversy and raised questions about the independence of the Federal Reserve and the boundaries of presidential power [1][4]. Group 1: Event Overview - Trump's public letter to the Federal Reserve's Lisa Cook, citing constitutional grounds for her dismissal, has led to a political uproar [2]. - He accused Cook of misconduct related to mortgage applications and questioned her integrity, asserting that her actions warranted her removal [2]. - Cook has stated she will not resign under political pressure and is prepared to clarify her position through legal means [2]. Group 2: Legal and Institutional Context - Under U.S. law, Federal Reserve governors serve 14-year terms and can only be removed for "cause," which requires legal proceedings [3]. - The precedent set by the Supreme Court in the 1935 case "Humphrey's Executor v. United States" limits the president's ability to dismiss independent agency officials without just cause [3]. - Trump's actions are viewed as a political maneuver rather than a legal reality, aimed at influencing public opinion and potentially pressuring the judicial system [3]. Group 3: Political Implications - The current economic climate, characterized by inflation and market volatility, makes the Federal Reserve's interest rate policies particularly sensitive [4]. - Trump's targeting of Cook is seen as an attack on the independence of the Federal Reserve, which has raised concerns among both domestic and international observers [4]. - Critics argue that this represents a blatant political intervention that undermines institutional checks and balances [4]. Group 4: Broader Impact - The symbolic significance of Trump's dismissal order has already weakened expectations of Federal Reserve independence and increased skepticism about U.S. institutional integrity [5]. - The ongoing conflict between Trump and Cook highlights a broader clash between political pressures and the principles of democratic governance [5]. - The outcome of this situation will have lasting implications for the perception of central bank independence globally [5].