一财社论：发挥碳市场“指挥棒”作用 政府和市场要各归其位

Core Viewpoint - The document outlines the Chinese government's plan to accelerate the construction of a unified national carbon market, aiming for optimal resource allocation and maximum efficiency in carbon emissions management by 2030 [1]. Group 1: Goals and Objectives - By 2027, the national carbon trading market will cover major industrial sectors, and the voluntary greenhouse gas reduction trading market will achieve full coverage in key areas [1]. - By 2030, a comprehensive carbon trading market will be established, featuring a combination of free and paid allocation methods, with a transparent and unified approach that aligns with international standards [1]. Group 2: Market Development and Participation - The carbon market will expand to include more industries beyond the current four (electricity, steel, building materials, and non-ferrous metals), based on industry development status and carbon emission characteristics [2]. - The introduction of qualified individuals into the voluntary greenhouse gas reduction trading market and the establishment of carbon pledge and repurchase policies are effective measures to broaden the trading participant base [2]. Group 3: Regulatory Framework and Oversight - The government will implement a combination of free and paid carbon allocation methods, gradually increasing the proportion of paid allocations while preventing non-compliant carbon assets from entering the market [3]. - Strengthening regulatory oversight of trading activities is essential, including the establishment of risk assessment and management systems for compliance among major emitters [3]. Group 4: Legal and Institutional Framework - Ongoing legislative research is focused on improving the management of voluntary greenhouse gas reduction trading, enhancing the efficiency of fund clearing mechanisms, and reducing transaction costs in the carbon market [4]. - The construction of the national carbon market is a complex system engineering project that requires a balanced approach between government regulation and market dynamics [4].