【中国青年报】科学家研究“植物与微生物共生机理”，帮助农作物“减肥增效”

Group 1 - The 2024 Shanghai Science and Technology Awards announced a total of 206 awarded projects, with an increase of 10 natural science awards compared to the previous year [1] - Among the 18 first-class natural science award projects, the only one applied in agricultural production is the "Symbiotic Mechanism of Plants and Microbes" [1] - The research led by Wang Ertao has been published in major international journals, enabling scientists to cultivate high-symbiotic-efficiency rice varieties and develop "fertilizer-reducing and efficiency-increasing" microbial agents for crops like soybeans [1] Group 2 - Wang Ertao's team clarified the molecular basis and evolutionary mechanism of nodule organ formation and regulation in leguminous plants, addressing the century-old question of why only leguminous plants can form nodules for nitrogen fixation [2] - The discovery involves key stem cell genes SHR and SCR, which provide leguminous plants with the ability to divide their cortex cells, differentiating them from non-leguminous plants [2] - This finding lays the groundwork for modifying the fate of cortex cells in non-leguminous plants and offers new ideas for reducing crop dependence on nitrogen fertilizers, contributing to sustainable agricultural development [2] Group 3 - Based on scientific discoveries, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences bred a high-symbiotic-efficiency rice variety "Gan Jun Rice No. 1," which can reduce fertilizer use by 25% to 50% while maintaining quality and yield [3] - The team also found that applying beneficial microorganisms can increase soybean yields, especially in low-nitrogen conditions, which supports reducing agricultural chemical use and pollution [3] - In 2024, the team plans to expand soybean field trials from 10,000 acres to 560,000 acres in Northeast China, aiming to further promote sustainable agricultural practices [3]