航运减排临“大考”：从上海港出发，解码绿色燃料之需与机制之困

Core Viewpoint - The development of green methanol as a fuel for shipping is gaining momentum, with Shanghai positioning itself as a key hub for green fuel supply and infrastructure, aiming to meet international emissions reduction targets and enhance its role in global shipping [3][5][31]. Group 1: Green Methanol Development - The first methanol dual-fuel container ship, "COSCO Shipping Yangpu," has successfully refueled with 1,000 tons of domestically produced green methanol at Shanghai Yangshan Port, marking a significant step in establishing a complete domestic green methanol supply chain [1][6]. - The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has approved a framework for net-zero emissions in global shipping, requiring ships over 5,000 tons to reduce emissions in phases, aiming for net-zero by 2050 [3][4]. - Shanghai aims to establish a green fuel supply system by 2030, with plans for a green fuel refueling service center and a green fuel trading center [4][5]. Group 2: Infrastructure and Capacity - Shanghai Port has become one of the few ports globally capable of simultaneously providing green methanol and LNG refueling services, with a significant increase in methanol refueling operations in recent years [6][8]. - The port has received nine applications for methanol refueling from ocean-going vessels this year, with a total refueling volume exceeding 32,500 tons, a substantial increase from just over 500 tons last year [6][9]. - The domestic green methanol production capacity is projected to reach approximately 12 million tons by 2030, accounting for nearly 50% of the global market [9][12]. Group 3: Challenges and Solutions - The green fuel sector faces a "supply-demand dual challenge," where a lack of stable supply discourages investment from shipowners, while unclear demand prevents producers from expanding [10][19]. - The cost of green methanol production is currently high, with estimates suggesting a potential increase of 340% to 350% in fuel costs when transitioning from traditional low-sulfur fuel to green methanol [14][15]. - The industry is exploring solutions to reduce costs, such as optimizing production processes and establishing centralized biomass resource utilization [17][18]. Group 4: Collaborative Efforts and Future Outlook - Collaborative projects among state-owned enterprises and local companies are underway to build a comprehensive green methanol supply chain, covering production, transportation, and refueling [9][22]. - The establishment of green shipping corridors, such as the Shanghai-Los Angeles corridor, aims to facilitate the adoption of green fuels and reduce emissions along key trade routes [26][28]. - The growth of green fuel demand and the establishment of stable supply chains are expected to create new economic opportunities and reshape the energy landscape [31].