美国拟重启美墨加贸易协定谈判

Group 1 - The U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) will initiate public consultation for the USMCA in the coming weeks, marking the first formal step towards renegotiation [1] - The consultation process must be completed by October 4, 2023, as mandated by the law governing the agreement [1] - The USMCA includes a mandatory six-year review clause, with the first trilateral review meeting scheduled for no later than July 1, 2026 [1] Group 2 - The USMCA is considered a significant trade achievement of the Trump administration, replacing NAFTA, which was criticized for causing job losses in the U.S. [2] - Tariffs imposed by the Trump administration on Canada and Mexico have undermined the effectiveness of the USMCA, particularly affecting the automotive, steel, aluminum, and lumber industries [2] Group 3 - The tariffs serve to increase leverage for the U.S. in the renegotiation process, disrupting North America's complex supply chains, especially in the automotive sector [3] - Recent discussions between U.S. Secretary of State Rubio and Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum focused on cross-border security, which is seen as a prerequisite for USMCA renegotiation [3] - Mexico is highly sensitive to the negotiation outcomes, as 80% of its exports go to the U.S., and the U.S. has extended tariffs on Mexican goods for an additional 90 days [3] Group 4 - The U.S. has criticized Mexico's policies in energy, telecommunications, agriculture, and intellectual property, highlighting issues such as state-owned enterprise bias and lack of fair competition [4] - Mexico's Economy Minister Marcelo Ebrard acknowledged that the upcoming reviews and negotiations will be challenging but emphasized the need for cooperation among the three countries to maintain North America's competitiveness [4]