脊柱侧弯多发生在青春期，如何自测

Core Viewpoint - Scoliosis is increasingly recognized as a common health issue among middle and primary school students, ranking third after obesity and myopia, with a significant prevalence in this demographic [1][4]. Group 1: Definition and Prevalence - Scoliosis is defined as a curvature of the spine exceeding the normal physiological range (>10 degrees) [1]. - The most common type is idiopathic scoliosis, accounting for 80% of cases, typically occurring after the age of 10, with a higher incidence in girls (ratio of 2:1) [1]. Group 2: Causes and Mechanisms - The exact causes of scoliosis remain unclear, but it may be related to posture, hormones, genetics, and environmental factors [2][3]. Group 3: Impact and Consequences - Scoliosis can affect physical appearance, leading to uneven shoulders and back deformities [4]. - Severe cases may compress the heart and lungs, potentially impacting their development [4]. - Psychological health may also be affected, as children may feel self-conscious about wearing braces and fear ridicule, which can hinder treatment adherence [4]. Group 4: Self-Assessment Methods - Parents can assess their child's scoliosis at home by observing shoulder alignment and back symmetry while the child stands straight [5][10]. - A forward bending test can also be conducted to check for asymmetry in the back [8]. Group 5: Medical Response and Treatment - Immediate medical consultation is advised if scoliosis is suspected, with X-rays needed to determine the degree and type of curvature [12]. - The critical treatment period is during puberty, with treatment options depending on the curvature angle and the child's growth potential [13]. - Mild scoliosis (10-25 degrees) may require monitoring, while moderate to severe cases (>25 degrees) typically necessitate brace usage under strict medical guidance [14][15]. Group 6: Prevention and Awareness - Early detection and diagnosis are crucial, with a call to include scoliosis screening in routine health checks for all middle and primary school students [16]. - Regular follow-ups and promoting correct posture are essential preventive measures [17]. - Encouraging exercises that strengthen back muscles, such as swimming and planks, is recommended [17].