脑机接口“接”入现实要多久？

Core Insights - Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology is advancing rapidly, enabling applications such as controlling robotic arms and playing video games through brain waves [1][2] - The BCI industry is experiencing explosive growth, with significant improvements in decoding, control, and regulation capabilities, positioning it as a key driver for future industrial directions [1] Technology Development - BCI systems typically consist of three components: signal acquisition, signal analysis, and device control, categorized into non-invasive and invasive technologies [1] - Non-invasive BCI technology is relatively mature and has seen applications in stroke rehabilitation, fatigue monitoring, and brain health assessment in China, with further expansion needed [1] - Invasive BCI technology captures high-quality single-neuron signals and is progressing through various technical routes, entering clinical trial phases [1][2] Industry Trends - China is at a critical juncture in transitioning BCI technology from laboratory research to industrial application, with a shift from "perception-control separation" to "closed-loop control and interactive perception" [2] - The government has set development goals for the BCI industry, aiming for high-quality growth and the establishment of a new industrial track by 2027 and 2030 [2] Regional Development - A collaborative development framework has been established in China, integrating policy guidance, technological research, ethical standards, and a standard system, with regional clusters forming in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangdong [3] - Key enterprises and research institutions are achieving breakthroughs in critical areas such as invasive electrode systems and closed-loop stimulation systems, narrowing the gap with international standards [3] Future Outlook - The BCI technology is expected to enter a "3.0 era" in the next 3 to 5 years, characterized by integrated perception and control, system intelligence, and interactive fusion [3] - Applications of BCI technology are expanding into medical communication assistance, neurorehabilitation, emotional monitoring, cognitive training, and home automation, indicating a broadening of use cases [3]